#1-First, From the classification of the battery itself:
Batteries are divided into many types. From the perspective of transportation, they are mainly divided into two categories, one is non-dangerous goods, and the other is dangerous goods.
1、Non-dangerous goods:
Zinc-manganese dry battery is a kind of disposable primary battery with zinc as the negative electrode active material. The zinc-manganese dry battery series is not divided into models and sizes. Their nominal voltage is 1.5 volts, but the battery with a large model has a large capacity, and the battery with a small model has a small capacity. Zinc-manganese dry batteries are used as power sources for lighting, semiconductor radios, telephones, electric toys, radios, etc. Such power sources are called chemical power sources. Disposable zinc-manganese dry batteries are non-dangerous goods according to the relevant provisions of the IATA “Dangerous Goods Regulations”.
For non-dangerous goods, there are no special requirements. As long as the basic requirements for air transport are met:
Dry batteries need to be individually insulated and packaged. Small batteries are best isolated with anti-static bags or foam bags or small cartons. The inner packaging of large batteries must be isolated with foam.
2、Dangerous Goods:
In addition to disposable dry batteries, storage batteries, lithium-ion batteries, lithium batteries, fuel cells, and sodium batteries are all included in the list of dangerous goods.
①Battery module: Dangerous goods, belonging to category 8, the battery is basically divided according to the type of electrolyte, such as alkaline battery with potassium hydroxide as electrolyte, acid battery with sulfuric acid aqueous solution as electrolyte.
Batteries, Acid Solutions, Dangerous Goods, Class 8, UN2794.
Batteries, Alkaline Solutions, Dangerous Goods, Class 8, UN2795.
Batteries, Sealed Containers, Dangerous Goods, Class 8, UN2800.
②Lithium-ion battery module: Dangerous goods, category 9, UN3480, this is the most common type of battery, as well as lithium batteries with organic solutions as electrolytes.
Lithium metal accumulators, lithium metal batteries contained in equipment, dangerous goods, Class 9, UN3091.
Lithium metal accumulators, lithium metal batteries, dangerous goods, Class 9, UN3090.
Equipment lithium-ion batteries, category 9, UN3481, mobile phones belong to this category. In recent years, lithium batteries installed in robots equipped with lithium batteries have emerged.
③Traditional dry battery module: containing solid potassium hydroxide, dangerous goods, category 8, UN3028. Alkaline, and acid isolation. NiMH batteries, category 9, UN3496.
④ Fuel cells are divided into many types according to the different electrolytes and dangerous components in them;
Class 3, UN3473, Class 4.3, UN3476, Class 8, UN3477, Class 2.1, UN3478 and UN3479.
Vehicles powered by fuel cells or engines powered by fuel cells, Dangerous Goods, Class 9, UN3166.
⑤Sodium battery, dangerous goods, class 4.3, UN3292.
#2-Second, from the analysis of transportation companies:
1. First of all, the four major international express delivery companies DHL, FEDEX, UPS and TNT can mail battery goods, but they are different in the classification of accepted batteries, among which:
DHL: Lithium-ion cells, batteries, battery packs, laptop batteries, camera batteries, mobile phone batteries, etc.
FEDEX: Lithium-ion cells, batteries, battery packs, lithium metal batteries, ultra-WH, ultra-heavy batteries, imitation brand batteries, dry batteries, power banks.
TNT: lithium ion cells, batteries, battery packs, lithium metal batteries, super WH, super heavy batteries, imitation brand batteries, dry batteries, mobile power.
UPS: Lithium-ion cells, batteries, battery packs, dry batteries, imitation brand batteries.
2. Lithium battery transportation packaging requirements:
In addition to meeting the test items required by UN38.3, lithium battery products also have strict requirements for their transportation packaging when they are transported by air, and their packaging boxes must meet the requirements of the corresponding packaging instructions (PI965~PI970) in the “Dangerous Goods Regulations”.
According to the packaging status of lithium batteries at the time of delivery and transportation, the “Dangerous Goods Regulations” divides lithium battery goods into the following three types of packaging and transportation methods:
(1) According to the packing instruction PI965-970 (including Parts I and II) of the IATA “Dangerous Goods Regulations” of the International Air Transport Association, the lithium battery cargo delivered for transportation shall meet the following requirements:
- Lithium batteries must pass the UN38.3 test;
- Lithium batteries should be placed in an inner package that can completely encapsulate the batteries and isolated from each other, and measures to prevent short circuits must be taken when packaging lithium batteries;
- The cell and battery manufacturing site must have quality management procedures, such as the manufacturing site should meet the requirements of ISO9001;
- For safety reasons, lithium batteries confirmed by the manufacturer as defective or damaged may evolve into potential dangers of heat generation, burning and short circuit, and should not be transported by air.
- The air transport of spent batteries and batteries transported for recycling or disposal is prohibited unless approved in writing by the competent authorities of the country of origin and the country of the operator.
(2) Air transportation of lithium battery cargo shall comply with the following regulations:
- Individually packaged lithium-ion battery cargo (UN3480, PI965) is prohibited to be transported by passenger aircraft.
- Unless approved in accordance with the relevant requirements of the “Technical Instructions”, the state of charge of the lithium ion battery (core) shall not exceed 30% of its rated capacity when transported in accordance with the packaging instructions PI965.
- In any one consignment, not more than one lithium battery cargo package and/or overpack may be transported in accordance with Packing Instruction 965 Part II or 968 Part II.
- There shall not be more than one lithium battery cargo package per overpack for transport in accordance with the requirements of Packing Instruction 965 Part II or 968 Part II.
- Packages or overpacks of lithium battery shipments shipped under the requirements of Packing Instruction 965 Part II or 968 Part II must be shipped separately from other shipments and must not be loaded into ULDs prior to shipment.
3. Precautions for mailing lithium batteries:
- Lithium batteries are packaged and shipped as separate items, and lithium batteries must be packaged and shipped as separate items (bulk/unit).
- Common goods and batteries need to be packed in separate boxes and cannot be mixed. They can be issued in the same ticket.
- For the battery outlet, the packing box should be sturdy and able to pass the 1.2M drop test, and at the same time, it will not damage the battery, move the internal objects, or expose the internal objects.
- Lithium batteries should be loaded on pallets to avoid strong vibrations during handling, and corner guards should be used to protect the vertical and horizontal sides of the pallet.
- The inner packaging of the large battery must be well insulated with foam.
- Outer carton packaging The carton is thin and soft, round and drum irregular. The outer packaging will not be accepted. The pure battery packaging must be packed in a thick carton
Goods containing batteries are generally more sensitive goods.
Because of the battery, the battery is listed in the ninth category of dangerous goods. If the battery is improperly packaged, the battery is unqualified and does not meet the national standard.
It is possible that the battery catches fire during transportation and a transportation accident occurs, so the transportation of battery goods must be well packaged!
